Modern Physics is a foundational course for materials science and engineering students, covering the essential concepts of quantum mechanics. The course introduces phenomena that cannot be explained by classical physics, such as wave-particle duality and quantum uncertainty, and provides a framework for understanding quantum behavior through the Schrödinger equation. Emphasis is placed on atomic structure, energy quantization, and band structure formation, linking these principles to modern materials applications such as semiconductors, magnetic materials, and optoelectronic systems.