Methodologies for the identification, assessment, and control of risks and hazards associated with processing operations, including HAZOP analysis. Costing of chemical & biochemical plants; stages of costing, methods of cost prediction, exponential, factorial etc. Cost updating. Economic evaluation of chemical and biochemical processing projects; pay-back, ROI, NPV, etc. Sensitivity analysis. Plant location and layout: principles and application. Environmental impact assessment of chemical and biochemical production facilities. Industrial sustainability: concepts and practice. Case study of the application of sustainability metrics to chemical and biochemical processing plants.