Extensions of Mendelian genetics - incomplete dominance and codominance, pleiotropy. Linkage; multiple alleles, multiple genes and epistasis. Quantitative characters, genetic variance and heritability. Basic laws of probability and inheritance of characters. Basic principles of plant and animal breeding. Human genetics. Introduction to population genetics. Speciation and evolution. DNA and chromosome structure and packaging. DNA replication, transcription, translation and the genetic code. Mutation causes and effects at the gene chromosome and organism levels. Recombinant DNA/RNA technology. Genomics. Proteomics. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; genes and cancer, cell differentiation. Bacterial and viral genetics.