Module Code - Title: PH4018 - MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION Year Last Offered: 2017/8 Hours Per Week Grading Type: N Prerequisite Modules: Rationale and Purpose of the Module: * To introduce the special considerations for electric/electronic instruments attached to patients for the purposes of diagnosis or therapy. * To introduce the medical device directive and the regulatory environment. * To give the student a working knowledge of the operation of some medical equipment * To introduce the student to the scientific basis of the well known radiological equipment commonly in use in our hospitals and medical research institutes. * To provide a working knowledge of the operation of this equipment. Syllabus: Introduction to regulatory bodies in the EU and US: CE, FDA etc.; 21 CFR, 510k, Medical Device Directive, Investigational Device Exemptions; Electrical isolation standards, implementation options; Laser Safety - EN 60825. Measurements in biological systems: obtaining a reference, ratiometric analysis, clinical requirements, Physiological monitoring; Invasive/non-invasive, Probes - Electrical, fibre optic, noncontact. Vital signs monitoring: ECG- Electro cardio gram, electrical function of the heart; EEG- Electro encephalo gram, electrical function of the brain; EMG- Electro myelo gram, electrical function of the muscle; Pulse Oximetry, optical measurement of arterial blood oxygen saturation; MAP- mean arterial pressure. Introduction to radiation transport in tissue: absorption/scattering theory (Mie, Rayleigh Gans), bulk scattering and bulk absorption, anisotropy, typical values for radiation transport properties, Monte Carlo modelling.X-RAY/CT: X-RAY generation and propagation, Introduction to tomography, Computed Tomography - Slicing the living human body. Ultrasound: Doppler effect, high frequency ultrasound, limitations. MRI/MRS: Magnetic Resonance basics, the hydrogen nucleus, proton spin and Lecture Lab Tutorial Other Private Credits 3 0 0 0 7 6 quantum mechanics; 3D map of hydrogen atoms and hence content of the sample volume, Properties and amount of water in tissue, distinction between contrast and content imaging. Learning Outcomes: Cognitive (Knowledge, Understanding, Application, Analysis, Evaluation, Synthesis) Explain and Discuss, * The special considerations for electric/electronic instruments attached to patients for the purposes of diagnosis or therapy. * The medical device directive and the regulatory environment. * The scientific basis of the well known radiological equipment commonly in use in our hospitals and medical research. * Working knowledge of the operation of medical equipment. * Derive relevant equations from basic laws and principles. * Solve numerical problems, from information provided, on the topics covered. Affective (Attitudes and Values) * Discuss the importance of physics-based instrumentation in the provision of health care * Discuss the application of medical physics in healthcare academic and research environments. Psychomotor (Physical Skills) N/A How the Module will be Taught and what will be the Learning Experiences of the Students: Students will learn via interactive lecture, experiential tutorial and problem based private study. Research Findings Incorporated in to the Syllabus (If Relevant): Prime Texts: Hallett et al (2003) Physics for the Biological Sciences 4th Edition, Thompson-Nelson, Toronto ISBN 0-17-622451-3. Other Texts: Donald W. McRobbie, Elizabeth A. Moore, et al. (2002) MRI from Picture to Proton,, Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521523192. Matthias Hofer (2001) Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Clinical Applications, and Quality Control., W.B. Saunders Company 2nd edition ISBN: 0721681735. Programmes Semester - Year to be First Offered: Spring - 09/10 Module Leader: Tofail.Syed@ul.ie