This module introduces the students to analogue and digital modulation and demodulation techniques alongside their mathematical representations in time and in frequency domain. Specifically the module covers: electronic circuits and block diagrams that are used to generate modulated and demodulated waveforms; the fundamentals of radio wave propagation (Friis transmission equation and RADAR equation), basic antenna topologies and antenna characterization parameters; Noise characterization parameters; basic mobile/cellular communication systems and data communication networks.