In this module, the fundamentals of fluid mechanics and energy conservation, and introduce 
associated engineering applications.
Fluid Mechanics:
• Introduction to fluid flow phenomena in engineering.
• Hydrostatics: Pressure variation with position in a static fluid, manometers, hydrostatic 
forces on submerged surfaces, forces on unconstrained bodies.
• Hydrodynamics: classification of flows in terms of variation of flow parameters in time 
and space, the concepts of streamline and stream tube, the principles of continuity, energy 
and momentum, turbulent flow.
• Applications of principles to engineering problems, including flow measurement by 
orifice, Venturi, Pitot tube, rotameter & weirs. Forces on pipe bends, nozzles and plates.
• Physical fluid properties, their dimensions and units, SI System, dimensional analysis.
Energy Conservation Principles:
• Conduction: (one-dimensional steady state) Fourier’s Law, conduction with multiple 
layers, simple geometries, resistance in series.
• Convection and Boundary Layers: transfer coefficients for natural and forced convection. 
Practical problems involving forced convection, resistances in series, overall transfer 
coefficients.
• Basics of radiation: (Stefan-Boltzmann equation), emissivity, absorptivity, transmissivity 
and reflectivity, net exchange of radiation between surfaces.
• The scope of thermodynamics. The basic quantities and their SI units. The fundamental 
concepts: force, pressure, temperature, intensive and extensive properties, the system and 
its surroundings, closed and open systems, state and processes, phases and components, 
phase changes and equilibrium, and the different forms of energy.
• First Law. The energy balance equation and its applications to closed and open systems. 
The continuity equation. Work and heat in processes. Reversible and irreversible 
processes. Heat engines. Carnot cycle and some other theoretical cycles including 
refrigeration.
• Second Law: Entropy and irreversible processes, spontaneous processes