1. Definition and characteristics of totalitarianisms. The peculiarities of fascism. Mass society and the crisis of rationalism. 2. The Germany before Hitler. The First World War and the fall of the Empire. The Weimar Republic in the context of interwar Europe (1919-1939). 3. The crisis of the Republic and the rise of Nazism in Germany. Hitler, from the Mein Kampf to the Chancellery (1920-1933). 4. The seizure of power and the gestation of the Third Reich (1933-1934) 5. The Nazis in power I: the repression of their enemies and the formation of the totalitarian state. 6. The Nazis in power II: economic recovery and military rearmament. 7. The logic of Nazism: war. Europe on fire (1939-1945) 8. The defeat of Nazism. Neo-Nazis and Neo-Fascists in Postwar Europe.